Simple Past – Como Usar e Formar Frases
O Simple Past, também conhecido como Past Simple é um tempo verbal em inglês que é o equivalente ao Passado Simples em português.
Neste artigo você vai aprender em detalhes como funciona o Simple Past e como usar este tempo verbal em inglês para formar frases e suas regras.
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Como e quando usar o Simple Past
Como o próprio nome já diz o Simple Past ou passado simples é usado para falar de ações que aconteceram no tempo passado e que já foram concluídas.
Ou seja, nós usamos o Past Simple para falar de situações que já aconteceram e que começaram e terminaram no passado.
Esse é um ponto muito importante para ressaltar, pois muitas pessoas acabam se confundindo e não sabem exatamente quando usar o Simple Past e o Present Perfect.
E algo que pode te ajudar bastante a entender a diferença entre estes dois tempos verbais é saber que sempre vamos usar o Passado Simples em situações que aconteceram no passado e já terminaram.
Lembre-se do ponto chave: já terminaram.
Enquanto usamos o Present Perfect para nos referir a situações que começaram no passado, mas que ainda tem alguma relação com o presente.
É bastante comum usarmos com o Simple Past expressões temporais como yesterday (ontem), last week (semana passada), last night (ontem à noite), que indicam que o acontecimento começou e terminou no passado.
Como formar frases em inglês no Simple Past
Para formarmos frases em inglês no Past Simple nós temos a estrutura básica: Sujeito + Verbo no passado + Complemento da frase.
Como você pode ver para formar frases neste tempo verbal algo que precisamos saber é a forma do verbo no passado.
E para saber isso precisamos saber se o verbo é regular ou irregular.
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Verbos regulares e irregulares em inglês
Nos verbos regulares basta acrescentarmos o ED na frente do verbo e com isso o verbo já estará no passado.
Enquanto os verbos irregulares terão sua própria forma de conjugação no passado.
Veja alguns exemplos:
Verbos regulares
Achieve – achieved
Add – added.
Dance – danced.
Kiss – kissed
Like – liked.
Live – lived
Play – played.
Start – started.
Study – studied.
Talk – talked.
Work – worked.
Verbos irregulares
Be – was/were
Eat – ate
Drink – drank
Make – made
Go – went
Get – got
Take – took
Do – did
Write – wrote
Read – read
Como você pôde perceber nos verbos irregulares basta acrescentar o ED ao final do verbo (mais a frente veremos algumas regras sobre o ED), enquanto os irregulares têm a sua própria forma de conjugação.
Como formar frases afirmativas
Para formarmos frases afirmativas no Simple Past nós vamos seguir a estrutura Sujeito + Verbo no passado + Complemento da frase.
Exemplo:
I studied a lot yesterday.
Eu estudei muito ontem.
Verbo auxiliar Did
No caso das frases negativas e interrogativas em inglês no Simple Past nós vamos usar o verbo auxiliar Did.
O verbo auxiliar Did não terá nenhum significado nas frases, sua única função é indicar que a frase está em sua forma negativa ou interrogativa e que essa frase está no passado.
E quando temos o verbo auxiliar na frase não precisamos passar o verbo principal para o passado.
Como formar frases negativas
Para formar frases negativas em inglês no Past Simple temos a seguinte estrutura: Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo principal no infinitivo + Complemento da frase.
Exemplo:
I did not watch TV last night.
Eu não assisti TV ontem à noite.
Ou na forma contraída:
I didn’t watch TV last night.
Note que não precisamos acrescentar o ED no verbo principal (watch – watched), pois o verbo auxiliar Did já indica que a frase está no passado.
Como formar frases interrogativas
Para formar frases interrogativas no Simple Past nós apenas precisamos inverter o verbo auxiliar com o sujeito, então temos a estrutura: Did + Sujeito + Verbo principal no infinitivo + Complemento da frase.
Exemplo:
Did you study yesterday?
Você estudou ontem?
Novamente não precisamos colocar o verbo principal no passado, pois o Did já está indicando que a frase está no passado.
Regras do Simple Past
Apesar de na maioria dos verbos apenas precisarmos acrescentar o ED ao final, existem algumas regras que precisamos observar.
Veja quais são:
1 – Verbos terminados em E
Quando o verbo termina com a letra E, devemos acrescentar apenas o D no final do verbo.
Exemplos:
Love – loved
Like – liked
Arrive – arrived
2 – Verbos terminados em Consoante – Vogal – Consoante
No caso dos verbos terminados com a sequência Consoante – Vogal – Consoante nós devemos duplicar a última letra e acrescentar o ED.
Exemplos:
Stop – Stopped
Plan – Planned
Prefer – Preferred
3 – Verbos terminados com Y precedidos de consoante
No caso dos verbos que terminam com Y precedidos de uma consoante nós retiramos o Y e acrescentamos a terminação IED.
Exemplos:
Cry – Cried
Try – Tried
Study – Studied
4 – Verbos terminados com Y precedidos de vogal
Nos verbos terminados com Y precedidos de vogal nós acrescentamos apenas o ED.
Exemplos:
Play – Played
Stay – Stayed
Enjoy – Enjoyed
Nos demais verbos a regra é apenas acrescentar o ED.
Exemplos de frases no Simple Past
I loved the dessert. – Eu amei a sobremesa.
I wrote letters to my friends. – Eu escrevia cartas aos meus amigos.
Mary bought me a dress. – Mary comprou um vestido para mim.
I didn’t know you two were siblings. – Eu não sabia que vocês dois eram irmãos.
They didn’t say that. – Eles não disseram isso.
I didn’t (did not) understand your e-mail. – Eu não entendi seu e-mail.
We didn’t want to live in that apartment. – Nós não queríamos morar naquele apartamento.
Did they wash his car last week? – Eles lavaram o carro dele semana passada?
Did the woman pay for the apple? – A mulher pagou pela maçã?
Did you start to read that book? – Você começou a ler aquele livro?
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