Simple Present – Aprenda As Regras e Como Usar!
O Simple Present, ou presente simples, é um tempo verbal que é equivalente ao presente do indicativo em português.
O presente simples em inglês é, como o próprio nome já diz, bem simples de usar e você vai aprender agora com mais detalhes como e quando usar este tempo verbal em inglês.
Quando usar o Simple Present
O Simple Present é usado para indicar ações que acontecem no momento presente.
Em geral ele é muito utilizado para expressar:
- Verdades universais
- Ações habituais
- Coisas que gostamos e não gostamos
- Sentimentos
- Opiniões
- Desejos
- Fatos e situações atuais.
Frases no Presente Simples em Inglês
Em geral para formarmos frases em inglês nós temos basicamente 3 tipos de frases: afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas.
Vamos conhecer agora quais são as regras para formar cada um desses tipos de frases no Simple Present Tense.
Frases afirmativas
Para formar as frases afirmativas no Presente Simples em Inglês nós seguimos a estrutura Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo + Complemento da frase.
Exemplo:
I play soccer (Eu jogo futebol)
Vale lembrar que para as frases na 3ª pessoa do singular (he, she, it) o verbo vai ganhar uma terminação S e em alguns casos ES ou IES, entrarei em detalhes sobre isso mais a frente.
Exemplo:
He plays soccer (Ele joga futebol)
Verbo auxiliar Do e Does
No caso das frases negativas e interrogativas do Simple Present é necessário usar o verbo auxiliar Do ou Does.
O Does será utilizado apenas na terceira pessoa do singular (lembra que os verbos mudam na terceira pessoa do singular nas frases afirmativas?).
Apesar de o verbo auxiliar Do, assim como o Does, significarem “Fazer” eles não possuem nenhum significado específico na frase, sua única função é indicar se a frase está em sua forma negativa ou interrogativa.
Frases negativas
Para formar as frases negativas nós usamos a estrutura Sujeito + Do/does + Not + Verbo principal + Complemento.
Exemplo:
I do not like apples (Eu não gosto de maçãs)
Ou em sua forma contraída: I don’t like apples
Frases interrogativas
Para formar as frases interrogativas nós devemos colocar o verbo auxiliar antes do sujeito.
A estrutura que usamos é Do/does + Sujeito + Verbo principal + Complemento.
Exemplo:
Do you like me? (Você gosta de mim?)
Regras do Simple Present
Como comentei anteriormente os verbos na terceira pessoa do singular (he, she, it) nas frases afirmativas recebem um S ao final.
Apesar de na maioria dos casos você precisar apenas acrescentar um S ao final do verbo, como no exemplo abaixo, existem algumas regras que devemos observar ao acrescentar este S. Vamos ver quais são elas a seguir.
| I | Work |
| You | Work |
| He | Works |
| She | Works |
| It | Works |
| We | Work |
| You | Work |
| They | Work |
Verbos terminados em o, z, SS, ch, sh, x
No caso dos verbos terminados em o, z, SS, ch, sh, x nós devemos acrescentar ES ao final do verbo.
Exemplo:
- Teach – Teaches
- Kiss – Kisses
- Go – Goes
Por isso que o Do se torna Does na terceira pessoa do singular.
Verbos terminados em Y precedidos de consoante
No caso dos verbos que são terminados em Y e precedidos de uma consoante devemos retirar o Y e acrescentar IES.
Exemplo:
- Fly – Flies
- Study – Studies
Verbos terminados em Y precedidos de vogal
No caso dos verbos que são terminados em Y e precedidos de uma vogal devemos apenas acrescentar o S.
Exemplo:
- Play – Plays
- Say – says
Demais verbos
Nos demais verbos a regra é apenas acrescentar o S ao final.
Vale ressaltar também que esta regra só se aplica as frases afirmativas, nas frases negativas e interrogativas quem recebe o S no final é o verbo auxiliar que nesse caso é o Does, e por terminar com a letra O, conforme a regra, ao invés de receber um S ele termina com ES.
Frases no Simple Present
Confira agora alguns exemplos de frases no Simple Present:
- I drink milk every day (Eu bebo leite todos os dias)
- They want to buy a new car (Eles querem comprar um carro novo)
- She likes her job (Ela gosta do seu trabalho)
- I don’t want to do this (Eu não quero fazer isso)
- He does not (doesn’t) want to eat now (Ele não quer comer agora)
- We don’t understand what she says (Nós não entendemos o que ela diz)
- Do you love my brother? (Você ama meu irmão?)
- Does he like dogs? (Ele gosta de cachorros?)
- Do they prefer Italian food? (Eles preferem comida italiana?)
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