Quando usar IN, ON e AT?
As preposições in, on e at são as preposições mais usadas em inglês e estão com certeza entre as que causam mais dúvida na cabeça dos estudantes.
Isso acontece principalmente porque a tradução delas é quase a mesma, mas o uso delas é aplicado em diferentes contextos no idioma.
Por isso hoje eu vou te mostrar como e quando usar in, on e at da forma correta em inglês.
Lembrando é claro que por mais que existam regras para nos ajudar a distinguir qual preposição usar em cada caso, o assunto é bem mais complexo e sempre podem haver exceções no uso das preposições.
A melhor forma de aprender as preposições em inglês de forma definitiva é estar sempre em contato com o idioma e ver as situações em que elas se aplicam no dia a dia.
Preposição In
A preposição in pode ser traduzido como “dentro”, “dentro de”, “em”, “de”, “no” e “na”, entre outros significados.
Essa preposição passa a ideia de que algo está dentro de alguma coisa, de um espaço fechado.
Exemplos: in a room, in a box, in a country.
Vamos ver alguns dos seus usos:
Indicação de tempo
In geralmente é usada para indicar períodos de tempo mais longos, como uma parte do dia, do mês, etc.
Partes do dia – In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.
Exemplo:
I study English in the morning.
Eu estudo inglês de manhã.
*Com exceção quando a parte do dia for “night” onde se utiliza a preposição at e não in. Exemplo: I will arrive at night. (Eu vou chegar à noite).
Mês – In July
My birthday is in September.
Meu aniversário é em setembro.
Ano – In 1965
She was born in 1965.
Ela nasceu em 1965.
Estações do ano – In the spring, in the winter.
I love to travel in the summer.
Eu amo viajar no verão.
Indicação de lugar
Usamos in para nos referirmos a lugares maiores, como cidades, países, partes de uma casa, etc.
Cidade – In New York
They live in São Paulo.
Eles moram em São Paulo.
País – In Brazil
We are living in Spain.
Nós estamos morando na Espanha.
Partes da casa – In the living room
He is sleeping in my bedroom.
Ele está dormindo no meu quarto.
Carro ou taxi – In the car, in the taxi
I’m already in the car.
Eu já estou no carro.
Preposição On
A preposição on pode ser traduzida como “sobre”, “em cima de”, “acima de”, “em”, “no” e “na”.
Ela passa a ideia de que o substantivo está localizado sobre uma superfície de algum local ou anexado/preso a alguma superfície Por exemplo: on the table, on the floor, on the wall.
Essa preposição também é usada para falar de datas e dias específicos.
Indicação de tempo
Vamos ver os usos de on indicando tempo.
Data específica – On october 6th (sixth)
My birthday is on December 1st (first)
Meu aniversário é no dia 1º de dezembro.
Dias da semana – On Mondays
English classes are on Fridays.
As aulas de inglês são às sextas-feiras.
Com a palavra weekend – On the weekend (inglês americano)
What do you do on the weekend?
O que você faz no fim de semana?
Com feriados – On Christmas Day
Usamos on para nos referir ao dia exato do feriado.
On Easter, I go to church in the morning.
Na Páscoa, eu vou à igreja de manhã. (Se referindo ao dia da Páscoa).
Indicação de lugar
A preposição on faz referência a superfícies de locais.
The fruits are on the table.
As frutas estão na/em cima da mesa.
Um piso – On the second floor
Maria lives on the tenth floor of her building.
Maria mora no décimo andar no seu prédio.
Transporte público – on the bus, on the plane, on the subway.
He is on the bus now.
Ele está no ônibus agora.
Meios de comunicação/eletrônicos – on TV, on the radio, on the phone, on the internet.
I saw you on TV yesterday.
Eu vi você na TV ontem.
Preposição At
A preposição at pode ser traduzida como “em”, “na” e “no”.
Ela é usada em frases para indicar, horários, momentos e locais específicos.
Indicação de tempo
Horários – At 6 pm
I’ll see you at 8 pm.
Verei você às 20h.
Com a palavra night, midnight, noon – At night
I will arrive at night.
Eu chegarei à noite.
Com feriados – At Christmas
Quando usamos at para nos referir a algum feriado estamos nos referindo a época do feriado e não ao feriado em si.
We always travel atChristmas.
Nós sempre viajamos no Natal.
At Easter, I prepare dyed eggs for the children to find.
Na Páscoa, preparo ovos tingidos para as crianças encontrarem.
Com a palavra weekend – At the weekend (inglês britânico)
I think I’ll visit my parents at the weekend.
Acho que vou visitar meus pais no fim de semana.
Indicação de lugar
Para lugares específicos – At home, at work, at school
My mother is at home.
Minha mãe está em casa.
I’ll be at work in the afternoon.
Estarei no trabalho à tarde.
Com a palavra table – At the table
Nesse caso se referindo ao fato de estar à mesa, e não em cima da mesa, como no caso de on.
Sitting at the table, is when you’re sitting in your chair, and the table’s in front of you.
Sentar à mesa é quando você está sentado em sua cadeira, e a mesa está na sua frente.
Endereços completos – 15 Queens Street.
John lives at 26 Brooklyn Street.
John mora na rua Brooklyn, número 26.
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